The record
| Class | bioregulator |
|---|---|
| Also known as | AED peptide, T-31, AC-4 |
| Chain length | - |
| Molecular weight | 333.29 Da |
| Half-life | Very short (rapidly degraded to natural amino acids) |
| Route | Oral (capsule) / SC / Sublingual |
| Studied for | Osteoarthritis (investigational); Joint/cartilage repair (investigational); Musculoskeletal system support |
| Research use | Bioregulatory peptide research; Cellular senescence studies; Fibroblast function research |
| What has been shown | Increases cell proliferation in aged fibroblasts; Reduces cellular senescence markers (p16, p21, p53); Inhibits MMP-9 (reduces ECM degradation); Increases IGF-1 gene expression (3.5-5.6 fold) |
| How it works | Ultra-short tripeptide bioregulator (Khavinson peptide) that penetrates cells and interacts with DNA in the minor groove, modulating gene expression in fibroblasts. Increases Ki-67 (proliferation marker) and CD98hc expression, decreases p53 and p16/p21 (senescence markers), inhibits MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase), suppresses caspase-3 mediated apoptosis, and activates NF-kB signaling. Classified |
| Patent status | Russian patents (Khavinson) |
| Regulatory status | available as supplement in Russia/Eastern Europe; research only elsewhere |
Blank = not established in the record. Nothing is estimated to fill a gap.
Where it is matched
- Cartilage / Joint Comfort Environment (affection, 40%)
- Wound Healing / Tissue Repair (affection, 30%)
- Joint/cartilage repair (illness, 100%)
- Musculoskeletal system support (illness, 100%)
- Osteoarthritis (illness, 100%)
- Joint pain or stiffness (symptom, 50%)
- Skin ageing or thinning (symptom, 50%)